The second half of the thesis defends the realist against the most serious objections to an ontology of universals. This argument is defended against nominalist responses, first, that our apparent ‘ontological commitment’ to features and characteristics is not genuine and second, that the same theoretical work can be achieved by treating respects of sameness as sets of particulars or sets of tropes rather than sui generis universals. ![]() Here it is claimed that universals are needed in our ontology to serve as the respects in which things are the same, and the features or characteristics that things have in common. The first half presents a positive case for realism. ![]() This thesis argues for realism about universals - the view that, in addition to particular things, there exist universals instantiated by those particular things.
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